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<h1 align="center">Using the GEDCOM parser library</h1>
- <br>
-
+ <br>
+
<h2>Index</h2>
-
+
<ul>
- <li><a href="#anchor">Overview</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Error_handling">Error handling</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Data_callback_mechanism">Data callback mechanism</a></li>
-
+ <li><a href="#anchor">Overview</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Error_handling">Error handling</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Data_callback_mechanism">Data callback mechanism</a></li>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="#Start_and_end_callbacks">Start and end callbacks</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Default_callbacks">Default callbacks</a></li>
+
+ </ul><li><a href="#Support_for_writing_GEDCOM_files">Support for writing GEDCOM files</a></li>
<ul>
- <li><a href="#Start_and_end_callbacks">Start and end callbacks</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Default_callbacks">Default callbacks</a></li>
-
+ <li><a href="#Opening_and_closing_files">Opening and closing files</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Controlling_some_settings">Controlling some settings</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Writing_data">Writing data</a><br>
+ </li>
</ul>
- <li><a href="#Other_API_functions">Other API functions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#Other_API_functions">Other API functions</a></li>
+
<ul>
- <li><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Error_treatment">Error treatment</a></li>
- <li><a href="#Compatibility_mode">Compatibility mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Debugging">Debugging</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Error_treatment">Error treatment</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Compatibility_mode">Compatibility mode</a></li>
+
</ul>
- <li><a href="interface.html">Interface details</a><br>
+ <li><a href="#Converting_character_sets">Converting character sets</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#Support_for_configure.in">Development support</a><br>
+<br>
</li>
-
+ <li><a href="interface.html">Interface details of the callback parser</a></li><li><a href="gom.html">C object model</a><br>
+ </li>
+
+
</ul>
-
-<hr width="100%" size="2">
+
+<hr width="100%" size="2">
<h2><a name="Overview"></a>Overview<br>
- </h2>
- The GEDCOM parser library is built as a callback-based parser (comparable
- to the SAX interface of XML). It comes with:<br>
-
+ </h2> The GEDCOM
+parser library provides two interfaces. At the one hand, it can be
+used as a callback-based parser (comparable to the SAX interface of
+XML); at the other hand, the parser can be used to convert the GEDCOM file
+into an object model (comparable to the DOM interface of XML). It comes
+with:<br>
+
<ul>
- <li>a library (<code>libgedcom.so</code>), to be linked in the application
- program</li>
- <li>a header file (<code>gedcom.h</code>), to be used in the sources
-of the application program</li>
-
-</ul>
- Next to these, there is also a data directory in <code>$PREFIX/share/gedcom-parse</code>
- that contains some additional stuff, but which is not immediately important
- at first. I'll leave the description of the data directory for later.<br>
- <br>
- The very simplest call of the gedcom parser is simply the following piece
- of code (include of the gedcom header is assumed, as everywhere in this
-manual):<br>
-
+ <li>a library (<code>libgedcom.so</code>), to be linked in the
+application program, which implements the callback parser</li>
+ <li>a header file (<code>gedcom.h</code>), to be used in the sources
+ of the application program</li>
+ <li>a header file (<code>gedcom-tags.h</code>) that is also installed,
+ but that is automatically included via <code>gedcom.h</code></li></ul>Additionally, if you want to use the GEDCOM C object model, the following should be used (note that <code>libgedcom.so</code> is also needed in this case, because the object model uses the callback parser internally):<br>
+<ul>
+ <li>a library (<code>libgedcom_gom.so</code>), to be linked in the application program, which implements the C object model</li>
+ <li>a header file (<code>gom.h</code>), to be used in the sources of the application program<br>
+ </li>
+
+
+</ul>There is a separate script to help with library and compilation flags, see the <a href="#Support_for_configure.in">development support</a>.<br>
+<br>
+Next to these, there is also a data directory in <code>$PREFIX/share/gedcom-parse</code>
+ that contains some additional stuff, but which is not immediately
+ important at first. I'll leave the description of the data directory
+ for later.<br>
+ <br>
+ The very simplest call of the gedcom callback parser is simply the following
+ piece of code (include of the <code>gedcom.h</code> header is assumed, as everywhere
+in this manual):<br>
+
<blockquote><code>int result;<br>
...<br>
- result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");<br>
- </code> </blockquote>
- Although this will not provide much information, one thing it does is parse
-the entire file and return the result. The function returns 0 on success
-and 1 on failure. No other information is available using this function
-only.<br>
- <br>
- The next sections will refine this to be able to have meaningful errors
-and the actual data that is in the file.<br>
-
- <hr width="100%" size="2">
- <h2><a name="Error_handling"></a>Error handling</h2>
- Since this is a relatively simple topic, it is discussed before the actual
-callback mechanism, although it also uses a callback...<br>
- <br>
- The library can be used in several different circumstances, both terminal-based
-as GUI-based. Therefore, it leaves the actual display of the error message
-up to the application. For this, the application needs to register a
-callback before parsing the GEDCOM file, which will be called by the library
-on errors, warnings and messages.<br>
- <br>
- A typical piece of code would be:<br>
-
- <blockquote><code>void <b>my_message_handler</b> (Gedcom_msg_type type,
-char *msg)<br>
- {<br>
- ...<br>
- }<br>
- ...<br>
- <b>gedcom_set_message_handler</b>(my_message_handler);<br>
- ...<br>
- result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");</code><br>
- </blockquote>
- In the above piece of code, <code>my_message_handler</code> is the callback
-that will be called for errors (<code>type=ERROR</code>), warnings (<code>
-type=WARNING</code>) and messages (<code>type=MESSAGE</code>). The callback
-must have the signature as in the example. For errors, the <code>
-msg</code> passed to the callback will have the format:<br>
-
- <blockquote><code>Error on line</code> <i><lineno></i>: <i><actual_message></i><br>
- </blockquote>
- Note that the entire string will be properly internationalized, and encoded
-in UTF-8 (see "Why UTF-8?" <i>LINK TBD</i>). Also, no newline
-is appended, so that the application program can use it in any way it wants.
- Warnings are similar, but use "Warning" instead of "Error". Messages
-are plain text, without any prefix.<br>
- <br>
- With this in place, the resulting code will already show errors and warnings
-produced by the parser, e.g. on the terminal if a simple <code>printf</code>
- is used in the message handler.<br>
-
- <hr width="100%" size="2">
- <h2><a name="Data_callback_mechanism"></a>Data callback mechanism</h2>
- The most important use of the parser is of course to get the data out of
-the GEDCOM file. As already mentioned, the parser uses a callback mechanism
-for that. In fact, the mechanism involves two levels.<br>
- <br>
- The primary level is that each of the sections in a GEDCOM file is notified
-to the application code via a "start element" callback and an "end element"
-callback (much like in a SAX interface for XML), i.e. when a line containing
-a certain tag is parsed, the "start element" callback is called for that tag,
-and when all its subordinate lines with their tags have been processed, the
-"end element" callback is called for the original tag. Since GEDCOM
-is hierarchical, this results in properly nested calls to appropriate "start
-element" and "end element" callbacks.<br>
- <br>
- However, it would be typical for a genealogy program to support only a subset
-of the GEDCOM standard, certainly a program that is still under development.
- Moreover, under GEDCOM it is allowed for an application to define its
-own tags, which will typically not be supported by another application.
- Still, in that case, data preservation is important; it would hardly
-be accepted that information that is not understood by a certain program is
-just removed.<br>
- <br>
- Therefore, the second level of callbacks involves a "default callback".
- An application needs to subscribe to callbacks for tags it does support,
-and need to provide a "default callback" which will be called for tags it
-doesn't support. The application can then choose to just store the
-information that comes via the default callback in plain textual format.<br>
- <br>
- After this introduction, let's see what the API looks like...<br>
- <br>
-
- <h3><a name="Start_and_end_callbacks"></a>Start and end callbacks</h3>
-
- <h4><i>Callbacks for records</i> <br>
- </h4>
- As a simple example, we will get some information from the header of a GEDCOM
-file. First, have a look at the following piece of code:<br>
-
- <blockquote><code>Gedcom_ctxt <b>my_header_start_cb</b> (int level,
-Gedcom_val xref, char *tag)<br>
- {<br>
- printf("The header starts\n");<br>
- return (Gedcom_ctxt)1;<br>
- }<br>
- <br>
- void <b>my_header_end_cb</b> (Gedcom_ctxt self)<br>
- {<br>
- printf("The header ends, context is %d\n", self); /* context
-will print as "1" */<br>
- }<br>
- <br>
- ...<br>
- <b>gedcom_subscribe_to_record</b>(REC_HEAD, my_header_start_cb,
-my_header_end_cb);<br>
- ...<br>
- result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");</code><br>
- </blockquote>
- Using the <code>gedcom_subscribe_to_record</code> function, the application
-requests to use the specified callbacks as start and end callback. The end
-callback is optional: you can pass <code>NULL</code> if you are not interested
-in the end callback. The identifiers to use as first argument to the
-function (here <code>REC_HEAD</code>) are described in the <a href="interface.html#Record_identifiers">
-interface details</a>.<br>
- <br>
- From the name of the function it becomes clear that this function is specific
-to complete records. For the separate elements in records there is another
-function, which we'll see shortly. Again, the callbacks need to have
-the signatures as shown in the example.<br>
- <br>
- The <code>Gedcom_ctxt</code> type that is used as a result of the start
-callback and as an argument to the end callback is vital for passing context
-necessary for the application. This type is meant to be opaque; in
-fact, it's a void pointer, so you can pass anything via it. The important
-thing to know is that the context that the application returns in the start
-callback will be passed in the end callback as an argument, and as we will
-see shortly, also to all the directly subordinate elements of the record.<br>
- <br>
- The example passes a simple integer as context, but an application could
-e.g. pass a <code>struct</code> that will contain the information for the
-header. In the end callback, the application could then e.g. do some
-finalizing operations on the <code>struct</code> to put it in its database.<br>
- <br>
- (Note that the <code>Gedcom_val</code> type for the <code>xref</code> argument
-was not discussed, see further for this)<br>
- <br>
-
- <h4><i>Callbacks for elements</i></h4>
- We will now retrieve the SOUR field (the name of the program that wrote
-the file) from the header:<br>
-
- <blockquote><code>Gedcom_ctxt <b>my_header_source_start_cb</b>(Gedcom_ctxt
-parent,<br>
-
- int
- level,<br>
-
- char*
- tag,<br>
-
- char*
- raw_value,<br>
-
- Gedcom_val parsed_value)<br>
- {<br>
- char *source = GEDCOM_STRING(parsed_value);<br>
- printf("This file was written by %s\n", source);<br>
- return parent;<br>
- }<br>
- <br>
- void <b>my_header_source_end_cb</b>(Gedcom_ctxt parent,<br>
-
- Gedcom_ctxt self,<br>
-
- Gedcom_val parsed_value)<br>
- {<br>
- printf("End of the source description\n");<br>
- }<br>
- <br>
- ...<br>
- <b>gedcom_subscribe_to_element</b>(ELT_HEAD_SOUR,<br>
-
- my_header_source_start_cb,<br>
-
- my_header_source_end_cb);<br>
- ...<br>
- result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");</code><br>
- </blockquote>
- The subscription mechanism for elements is similar, only the signatures
-of the callbacks differ. The signature for the start callback shows
-that the context of the parent line (e.g. the <code>struct</code> that describes
-the header) is passed to this start callback. The callback itself returns
-here the same context, but this can be its own context object of course. The
-end callback is called with both the context of the parent and the context
-of itself, which will be the same in the example. Again, the list of
-identifiers to use as a first argument for the subscription function are
-detailed in the <a href="interface.html#Element_identifiers">interface details</a>
-.<br>
- <br>
- If we look at the other arguments of the start callback, we see the level
-number (the initial number of the line in the GEDCOM file), the tag (e.g.
-"SOUR"), and then a raw value and a parsed value. The raw value is just
-the raw string that occurs as value on the line next to the tag (in UTF-8
-encoding). The parsed value is the meaningful value that is parsed from
-that raw string.<br>
- <br>
- The <code>Gedcom_val</code> type is meant to be an opaque type. The
-only thing that needs to be known about it is that it can contain specific
-data types, which have to be retrieved from it using pre-defined macros. These
-data types are described in the <a href="interface.html#Gedcom_val_types">
-interface details</a>. <br>
+ <b>gedcom_init</b>();<br>
+ ...<br>
+ result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");<br>
+ </code> </blockquote>
+ Although this will not provide much information, one thing it does
+ is parse the entire file and return the result. The function returns
+ 0 on success and 1 on failure. No other information is available
+using this function only.<br>
+<br>
+Alternatively, programs using the C object model should use the following (in this case, the inclusion of both <code>gedcom.h</code> and <code>gom.h</code> is required):<br>
+
+<blockquote><code>int result;<br>
+ ...<br>
+ <b>gedcom_init</b>();<br>
+ ...<br>
+ result = <b>gom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");<br>
+ </code> </blockquote>
+The call to <code>gom_parse_file</code> will build the C object model, which is then a complete representation of the GEDCOM file.<br>
+<br>
+No matter which of the interfaces you use, the call to <code>gedcom_init</code>() should be one of the first calls
+in your program. The requirement is that it should come before the first
+call to <code>iconv_open</code> (part of the generic character set conversion
+feature) in the program, either by your program itself, or indirectly by
+the library calls it makes. Practically, it should e.g. come before
+ any calls to any GTK functions, because GTK uses <code>iconv_open</code>
+ in its initialization.<br>
+ <br>
+For the same reason it is also advised to put
+the <code>-lgedcom</code> option
+on the linking of the program as the last option, so that its initialization
+code is run first. In the case of using the C object model, the linking
+options should be: <code>-lgedcom_gom -lgedcom</code><br>
+ <br>The function <code>gedcom_init()</code> also initializes locale handling by calling <code>setlocale(LC_ALL, "")</code>, in case the application would not do this (it doesn't hurt for the application to do the same).<br>
+ <br>
+The next sections will refine this piece of code to be able to have
+ meaningful errors and the actual data that is in the file.<br>
+
+<hr width="100%" size="2">
+<h2><a name="Error_handling"></a>Error handling</h2>The library can be used in several different circumstances, both
+terminal-based as GUI-based. Therefore, it leaves the actual display
+of the error message up to the application. For this, the application
+needs to register a callback before parsing the GEDCOM file, which will
+be called by the library on errors, warnings and messages.<br>
<br>
- Some extra notes:<br>
-
- <ul>
- <li>The <code>Gedcom_val</code> argument of the end callback
-is currently not used. It is there for future enhancements.</li>
- <li>There is also a <code>Gedcom_val</code> argument in the
-start callback for records. This argument is currently a string value
-giving the pointer in string form.</li>
-
- </ul>
-
- <h3><a name="Default_callbacks"></a>Default callbacks<br>
- </h3>
- As described above, an application doesn't always implement the entire GEDCOM
-spec, and application-specific tags may have been added by other applications.
- To preserve this extra data anyway, a default callback can be registered
-by the application, as in the following example:<br>
- <blockquote><code>void <b>my_default_cb</b> (Gedcom_ctxt parent,
-int level, char* tag, char* raw_value)<br>
-{<br>
- ...<br>
-}<br>
- <br>
-...<br>
- <b>gedcom_set_default_callback</b>(my_default_cb);<br>
-...<br>
-result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");</code><br>
+ A typical piece of code would be (<code>gom_parse_file</code> would be called in case the C object model is used):<br>
+
+<blockquote><code>void <b>my_message_handler</b> (Gedcom_msg_type type,
+ char *msg)<br>
+ {<br>
+ ...<br>
+ }<br>
+ ...<br>
+ <b>gedcom_set_message_handler</b>(my_message_handler);<br>
+ ...<br>
+ result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");</code><br>
</blockquote>
- This callback has a similar signature as the previous ones, but
-it doesn't contain a parsed value. However, it does contain the parent
-context, that was returned by the application for the most specific containing
-tag that the application supported.<br>
- <br>
-Suppose e.g. that this callback is called for some tags in the header that
-are specific to some other application, then our application could make sure
-that the parent context contains the struct or object that represents the
-header, and use the default callback here to add the level, tag and raw_value
-as plain text in a member of that struct or object, thus preserving the information.
- The application can then write this out when the data is saved again
-in a GEDCOM file. To make it more specific, consider the following
-example:<br>
- <blockquote><code>struct header {<br>
- char* source;<br>
- ...<br>
- char* extra_text;<br>
-};<br>
+ In the above piece of code, <code>my_message_handler</code> is the
+ callback that will be called for errors (<code>type=ERROR</code>), warnings
+ (<code>type=WARNING</code>) and messages (<code>type=MESSAGE</code>). The
+ callback must have the signature as in the example. For errors,
+the <code> msg</code> passed to the callback will have the format:<br>
+
+<blockquote><code>Error on line</code> <i><lineno></i>: <i><actual_message></i><br>
+ </blockquote>
+ Note that the entire string will be properly internationalized, and
+ encoded in UTF-8 (<a href="encoding.html">Why UTF-8?</a>). Also,
+no newline is appended, so that the application program can use it in any
+way it wants. Warnings are similar, but use "Warning" instead of "Error".
+ Messages are plain text, without any prefix.<br>
<br>
-Gedcom_ctxt my_header_start_cb(int level, Gedcom_val xref, char* tag)<br>
-{<br>
- struct header head = my_make_header_struct();<br>
- return (Gedcom_ctxt)head;<br>
-}<br>
+ With this in place, the resulting code will already show errors and
+ warnings produced by the parser, e.g. on the terminal if a simple <code>
+ printf</code> is used in the message handler.<br>
+
+<hr width="100%" size="2">
+<h2><a name="Data_callback_mechanism"></a>Data callback mechanism</h2>
+ The most important use of the parser is of course to get the data
+out of the GEDCOM file. This section focuses on the callback mechanism (see <a href="gom.html">here</a> for the C object model). In fact, the mechanism involves two levels.<br>
<br>
-void my_default_cb(Gedcom_ctxt parent, int level, char* tag, char* raw_value)<br>
-{<br>
- struct header head = (struct header)parent;<br>
- my_header_add_to_extra_text(head, level, tag, raw_value);<br>
-}<br>
+ The primary level is that each of the sections in a GEDCOM file is
+ notified to the application code via a "start element" callback and an
+ "end element" callback (much like in a SAX interface for XML), i.e. when
+ a line containing a certain tag is parsed, the "start element" callback
+ is called for that tag, and when all its subordinate lines with their
+tags have been processed, the "end element" callback is called for the
+original tag. Since GEDCOM is hierarchical, this results in properly
+nested calls to appropriate "start element" and "end element" callbacks.<br>
<br>
-gedcom_set_default_callback(my_default_cb);<br>
-gedcom_subscribe_to_record(REC_HEAD, my_header_start, NULL);<br>
-...<br>
-result = gedcom_parse_file(filename);</code><br>
- </blockquote>
-Note that the default callback will be called for any tag that isn't specifically
-subscribed upon by the application, and can thus be called in various contexts.
- For simplicity, the example above doesn't take this into account (the
- <code>parent</code> could be of different types, depending
-on the context).<br>
- <hr width="100%" size="2">
- <h2><a name="Other_API_functions"></a>Other API functions<br>
- </h2>
-Although the above describes the basic interface of libgedcom, there are
-some other functions that allow to customize the behaviour of the library.
- These will be explained in the current section.<br>
- <h3><a name="Debugging"></a>Debugging</h3>
-The library can generate various debugging output, not only from itself,
-but also the debugging output generated by the yacc parser. By default,
-no debugging output is generated, but this can be customized using the following
-function:<br>
- <blockquote><code>void <b>gedcom_set_debug_level</b> (int level,
-FILE* trace_output)</code><br>
+ However, it would be typical for a genealogy program to support only
+ a subset of the GEDCOM standard, certainly a program that is still under
+ development. Moreover, under GEDCOM it is allowed for an application
+ to define its own tags, which will typically not be supported by
+another application. Still, in that case, data preservation is important;
+ it would hardly be accepted that information that is not understood by
+ a certain program is just removed.<br>
+ <br>
+ Therefore, the second level of callbacks involves a "default callback".
+ An application needs to subscribe to callbacks for tags it does support,
+ and need to provide a "default callback" which will be called for tags
+it doesn't support. The application can then choose to just store
+the information that comes via the default callback in plain textual format.<br>
+ <br>
+ After this introduction, let's see what the API looks like...<br>
+ <br>
+
+<h3><a name="Start_and_end_callbacks"></a>Start and end callbacks</h3>
+
+<h4><i>Callbacks for records</i> <br>
+ </h4>
+ As a simple example, we will get some information from the header
+of a GEDCOM file. First, have a look at the following piece of code:<br>
+
+<blockquote><code>Gedcom_ctxt <b>my_header_start_cb</b> (Gedcom_rec rec,<br>
+ int level, <br>
+
+ Gedcom_val xref, <br>
+
+ char *tag, <br>
+
+ char *raw_value,<br>
+
+ int parsed_tag, <br>
+
+ Gedcom_val parsed_value)<br>
+ {<br>
+ printf("The header starts\n");<br>
+ return (Gedcom_ctxt)1;<br>
+ }<br>
+ <br>
+ void <b>my_header_end_cb</b> (Gedcom_rec rec, Gedcom_ctxt self)<br>
+ {<br>
+ printf("The header ends, context is %d\n", (int)self);
+ /* context will print as "1" */<br>
+ }<br>
+ <br>
+ ...<br>
+ <b>gedcom_subscribe_to_record</b>(REC_HEAD, my_header_start_cb,
+ my_header_end_cb);<br>
+ ...<br>
+ result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");</code><br>
</blockquote>
-The <code>level</code> can be one of the following values:<br>
- <ul>
- <li>0: no debugging information (this is the default)</li>
- <li>1: only debugging information from libgedcom
-itself</li>
- <li>2: debugging information from libgedcom and yacc</li>
- </ul>
-If the <code>trace_output</code> is <code>NULL</code>, debugging information
-will be written to <code>stderr</code>, otherwise the given file handle is
-used (which must be open).<br>
+ Using the <code>gedcom_subscribe_to_record</code> function, the
+ application requests to use the specified callbacks as start and end
+callback. The end callback is optional: you can pass <code>NULL</code>
+ if you are not interested in the end callback. The identifiers
+to use as first argument to the function (here <code>REC_HEAD</code>)
+are described in the <a href="interface.html#Record_identifiers"> interface
+details</a> . These are also passed as first argument in the callbacks (the <code>Gedcom_rec</code> argument).<br>
+ <br>
+ From the name of the function it becomes clear that this function
+is specific to complete records. For the separate elements in records
+ there is another function, which we'll see shortly. Again, the callbacks
+ need to have the signatures as shown in the example.<br>
+ <br>
+ The <code>Gedcom_ctxt</code> type that is used as a result of the
+start callback and as an argument to the end callback is vital for passing
+context necessary for the application. This type is meant to be opaque;
+in fact, it's a void pointer, so you can pass anything via it. The
+important thing to know is that the context that the application returns
+in the start callback will be passed in the end callback as an argument,
+and as we will see shortly, also to all the directly subordinate elements
+of the record.<br>
+ <br>
+ The <code>tag</code> is the GEDCOM tag in string format, the <code>parsed_tag</code>
+ is an integer, for which symbolic values are defined as <code>TAG_HEAD,</code>
+ <code>TAG_SOUR,</code> <code>TAG_DATA,</code> ... and <code>USERTAG
+</code><code></code> for the application-specific tags. These values
+are defined in the header <code>gedcom-tags.h</code> that is installed,
+and included via <code> gedcom.h</code> (so no need to include <code>gedcom-tags.h</code>
+ yourself).<br>
<br>
- <h3><a name="Error_treatment"></a>Error treatment</h3>
-One of the previous sections already described the callback to be registered
-to get error messages. The library also allows to customize what happens
-on an error, using the following function:<br>
- <blockquote><code>void <b>gedcom_set_error_handling</b> (Gedcom_err_mech
-mechanism)</code><br>
+ The example passes a simple integer as context, but an application
+ could e.g. pass a <code>struct</code> (or an object in a C++ application)
+ that will contain the information for the header. In the end callback,
+ the application could then e.g. do some finalizing operations on the
+<code> struct</code> to put it in its database.<br>
+ <br>
+ (Note that the <code>Gedcom_val</code> type for the <code>xref</code>
+ and <code>parsed_value</code> arguments was not discussed, see further
+ for this)<br>
+ <br>
+
+<h4><i>Callbacks for elements</i></h4>
+ We will now retrieve the SOUR field (the name of the program that
+wrote the file) from the header:<br>
+
+<blockquote><code>Gedcom_ctxt <b>my_header_source_start_cb</b>(Gedcom_elt elt,<br>
+
+ Gedcom_ctxt
+ parent,<br>
+
+ int
+ level,<br>
+
+ char*
+ tag,<br>
+
+ char*
+ raw_value,<br>
+
+ int
+ parsed_tag,<br>
+
+ Gedcom_val
+ parsed_value)<br>
+ {<br>
+ char *source = GEDCOM_STRING(parsed_value);<br>
+ printf("This file was written by %s\n", source);<br>
+ return parent;<br>
+ }<br>
+ <br>
+ void <b>my_header_source_end_cb</b>(Gedcom_elt elt,<br>
+ Gedcom_ctxt parent,<br>
+
+ Gedcom_ctxt self,<br>
+
+ Gedcom_val parsed_value)<br>
+ {<br>
+ printf("End of the source description\n");<br>
+ }<br>
+ <br>
+ ...<br>
+ <b>gedcom_subscribe_to_element</b>(ELT_HEAD_SOUR,<br>
+
+ my_header_source_start_cb,<br>
+
+ my_header_source_end_cb);<br>
+ ...<br>
+ result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");</code><br>
</blockquote>
-The <code>mechanism</code> can be one of:<br>
- <ul>
- <li><code>IMMED_FAIL</code>: immediately fail the parsing
-on an error (this is the default)</li>
- <li><code>DEFER_FAIL</code>: continue parsing after an
-error, but return a failure code eventually</li>
- <li><code>IGNORE_ERRORS</code>: continue parsing after
-an error, return success always</li>
- </ul>
-This doesn't influence the generation of error or warning messages, only
-the behaviour of the parser and its return code.<br>
+ The subscription mechanism for elements is similar, only the signatures
+ of the callbacks differ. The signature for the start callback shows
+ that the context of the parent line (here e.g. the <code>struct</code>
+ that describes the header) is passed to this start callback. The
+ callback itself returns here in this example the same context, but this
+can be its own context object of course. The end callback is called
+with both the context of the parent and the context of itself, which in this
+example will be the same. Again, the list of identifiers to use as
+a first argument for the subscription function are detailed in the <a href="interface.html#Element_identifiers"> interface details</a> . Again, these are passed as first argument in the callback (the <code>Gedcom_elt</code> argument).<br>
<br>
- <h3><a name="Compatibility_mode"></a>Compatibility mode<br>
+ If we look at the other arguments of the start callback, we see the
+ level number (the initial number of the line in the GEDCOM file), the tag
+ (e.g. "SOUR"), and then a raw value, a parsed tag and a parsed value. The
+ raw value is just the raw string that occurs as value on the line next
+to the tag (in UTF-8 encoding). The parsed value is the meaningful
+value that is parsed from that raw string. The parsed tag is described
+in the section for record callbacks above.<br>
+ <br>
+ The <code>Gedcom_val</code> type is meant to be an opaque type. The
+ only thing that needs to be known about it is that it can contain specific
+ data types, which have to be retrieved from it using pre-defined macros.
+ These data types are described in the <a href="interface.html#Gedcom_val_types"> interface details</a>.
+ <br>
+ <br>
+ Some extra notes:<br>
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li>The <code>Gedcom_val</code> argument of the end callback
+ is currently not used. It is there for future enhancements.</li>
+ <li>There are also two <code>Gedcom_val</code> arguments
+ in the start callback for records. The first one (<code>xref</code>
+ ) contains the <code>xref_value</code> corresponding to the cross-reference
+ (or <code>NULL</code> if there isn't one), the second one (<code>parsed_value</code>
+ ) contains the value that is parsed from the <code>raw_value</code>. See
+ the <a href="interface.html#Record_identifiers">interface details</a>
+ .</li>
+
+
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><a name="Default_callbacks"></a>Default callbacks<br>
</h3>
-Applications are not necessarily true to the GEDCOM spec (or use a different
-version than 5.5). The intention is that the library is resilient to
-this, and goes in compatibility mode for files written by specific programs
-(detected via the HEAD.SOUR tag). This compatibility mode can be enabled
-and disabled via the following function:<br>
- <blockquote><code>void <b>gedcom_set_compat_handling</b>
- (int enable_compat)</code><br>
- </blockquote>
-The argument can be:<br>
- <ul>
- <li>0: disable compatibility mode</li>
- <li>1: allow compatibility mode (this is the default)<br>
- </li>
- </ul>
-Note that, currently, no actual compatibility code is present, but this is
-on the to-do list.<br>
- <hr width="100%" size="2">$Id: usage.html,v 1.1 2001/12/30
-22:45:43 verthezp Exp $<br>
- $Name$<br>
+ As described above, an application doesn't always implement the entire
+ GEDCOM spec, and application-specific tags may have been added by other
+ applications. To preserve this extra data anyway, a default callback
+ can be registered by the application, as in the following example:<br>
+
+<blockquote><code>void <b>my_default_cb</b> (Gedcom_elt elt, Gedcom_ctxt parent, int level,
+ char* tag, char* raw_value, int parsed_tag)<br>
+ {<br>
+ ...<br>
+ }<br>
+ <br>
+ ...<br>
+ <b>gedcom_set_default_callback</b>(my_default_cb);<br>
+ ...<br>
+ result = <b>gedcom_parse_file</b>("myfamily.ged");</code><br>
+ </blockquote>
+ This callback has a similar signature as the previous ones,
+ but it doesn't contain a parsed value. However, it does contain the
+ parent context, that was returned by the application for the most specific
+ containing tag that the application supported.<br>
+ <br>
+ Suppose e.g. that this callback is called for some tags in the header
+ that are specific to some other application, then our application could
+ make sure that the parent context contains the struct or object that represents
+ the header, and use the default callback here to add the level, tag and
+ raw_value as plain text in a member of that struct or object, thus preserving
+ the information. The application can then write this out when the
+data is saved again in a GEDCOM file. To make it more specific, consider
+ the following example:<br>
+
+<blockquote><code>struct header {<br>
+ char* source;<br>
+ ...<br>
+ char* extra_text;<br>
+ };<br>
+ <br>
+ Gedcom_ctxt my_header_start_cb(Gedcom_rec rec, int level, Gedcom_val xref, char* tag,
+ char *raw_value,<br>
+
+ int parsed_tag, Gedcom_val parsed_value)<br>
+ {<br>
+ struct header head = my_make_header_struct();<br>
+ return (Gedcom_ctxt)head;<br>
+ }<br>
+ <br>
+ void my_default_cb(Gedcom_elt elt, Gedcom_ctxt parent, int level, char* tag, char*
+raw_value, int parsed_tag)<br>
+ {<br>
+ struct header head = (struct header)parent;<br>
+ my_header_add_to_extra_text(head, level, tag, raw_value);<br>
+ }<br>
+ <br>
+ gedcom_set_default_callback(my_default_cb);<br>
+ gedcom_subscribe_to_record(REC_HEAD, my_header_start, NULL);<br>
+ ...<br>
+ result = gedcom_parse_file(filename);</code><br>
+ </blockquote>
+ Note that the default callback will be called for any tag that isn't
+ specifically subscribed upon by the application, and can thus be called
+ in various contexts. For simplicity, the example above doesn't take
+ this into account (the <code>parent</code> could be of different
+ types, depending on the context).<br>
+ <br>
+ Note also that the default callback is not called when the parent context
+ is <code>NULL</code><code></code>. This is e.g. the case if none
+ of the "upper" tags has been subscribed upon.<br>
+
+
+<hr width="100%" size="2"><br>
+<h2><a name="Support_for_writing_GEDCOM_files"></a>Support for writing GEDCOM files</h2>
+The Gedcom parser library also contains functions to writing GEDCOM files.
+ Similar as for the parsing itself, there are two interfaces: an interface
+which is very basic, and requires you to call a function for each line in
+the GEDCOM file, and an interface which just dumps the Gedcom object model
+to a file in one shot (if you use the Gedcom object model).<br>
+<br>
+Again, this section focuses on the basic interface, the Gedcom object model interface is described <a href="gom.html#Writing_the_object_model_to_file">here</a>.<br>
+<br>
+<h3><a name="Opening_and_closing_files"></a>Opening and closing files</h3>
+The basic functions for opening and closing Gedcom files for writing are the following:<br>
+<code></code>
+<blockquote><code>Gedcom_write_hndl <b>gedcom_write_open</b> (const char* filename);<br>
+int <b>gedcom_write_close</b> (Gedcom_write_hndl hndl, int* total_conv_fails);<br></code></blockquote>
+The function <code>gedcom_write_open</code> takes a parameter the name of
+the file to write, and returns a write handle, which needs to be used in
+subsequent functions. It returns <code>NULL</code> in case of errors.<br>
+<br>
+The function <code>gedcom_write_close</code> takes, next to the write handle,
+an integer pointer as parameter. If you pass an actual pointer for
+this, the function will write in it the total number of conversion failures;
+you can pass <code>NULL</code> if you're not interested. The function returns 0 in case of success, non-zero in case of failure.<br>
+<br>
+<h3><a name="Controlling_some_settings"></a>Controlling some settings<br>
+</h3>
+Note that by default the file is written in ASCII encoding (and hence e.g.
+accented characters will cause a conversion failure). You can change
+this by calling the following function <i>before</i> calling <code>gedcom_write_open</code>, i.e. it affects all files that are opened after it is being called:<code></code><code><br>
+</code>
+<blockquote><code>int <b>gedcom_write_set_encoding</b> (const char* charset, Encoding width, Enc_bom bom);<br></code></blockquote>
+The valid <code>charset</code> values are given in the first column in the file <code>gedcom.enc</code> in the data directory of gedcom-parse (<code>$PREFIX/share/gedcom-parse</code>).
+ The character sets UNICODE, ASCII and ANSEL are always supported (these
+are standard for GEDCOM), as well as ANSI (not standard), but there may be
+others.<br>
+<br>
+The <code>width</code> parameter takes one of the following values:<br>
+<ul>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+ <li><code><b>ONE_BYTE</b></code>: This should be used for all character sets except UNICODE.</li>
+ <li><code><b>TWO_BYTE_HILO</b></code>: High-low encoding for UNICODE (i.e. big-endian)</li>
+ <li><code><b>TWO_BYTE_LOHI</b></code>: Low-high encoding for UNICODE (i.e. little-endian)</li>
+</ul>
+The <code>bom</code> parameter determines whether a byte-order-mark should
+be written in the file in case of UNICODE encoding (usually preferred because
+it then clearly indicates the byte ordering). It takes one of the following
+values:<br>
+<ul>
+ <li><code><b>WITHOUT_BOM</b></code></li>
+ <li><code><b>WITH_BOM</b></code></li>
+</ul>
+For both these parameters you can pass 0 for non-UNICODE encodings, since
+that corresponds to the correct values (and is ignored anyway). The
+function returns 0 in case of success, non-zero in case of error.<br>
+<br>
+Further, it is possible to control the kind of line terminator that is used, via the following function (also to be used before <code>gedcom_write_open</code>):<br>
+<blockquote><code>int <b>gedcom_write_set_line_terminator</b> (Enc_line_end end);<br></code></blockquote>
+The <code>end</code> parameter takes one of the following values:<br>
+<ul>
+ <li><b><code>END_CR</code></b>: only carriage return ("/r") (cf. Macintosh)</li>
+ <li><b><code>END_LF</code></b>: only line feed ("/n") (cf. Unix, Mac OS X)</li>
+ <li><b><code>END_CR_LF</code></b>: first carriage return, then line feed ("/r/n") (cf. DOS, Windows)</li>
+ <li><b><code>END_LF_CR</code></b>: first line feed, then carriage return ("/n/r")</li>
+</ul>
+By default, this is set to the appropriate line terminator on the current
+platform, so it only needs to be changed if there is some special reason
+for it.<br>
+<h3><a name="Writing_data"></a>Writing data<br>
+</h3>
+For actually writing the data, the principle is that every line in the GEDCOM
+file to write corresponds to a call to one of the following functions, except
+that CONT/CONC lines can be automatically taken care of. Note that
+the resulting GEDCOM file should conform to the GEDCOM standard. Several
+checks are built in already, and more will follow, to force this. There
+is (currently) no compatibility mode for writing GEDCOM files.<br>
+<br>
+In general, each of the following functions expect their input in UTF-8 encoding (see also <a href="#Converting_character_sets">here</a>). If this is not the case, errors will be returned.<br>
+<br>
+Note that for examples of using these functions you can look at the sources for the Gedcom object model (e.g. the function <code>write_header</code> in <code>gom/header.c</code>).<br>
+<h4>Records</h4>
+For writing lines corresponding to records (i.e. on level 0), the following function is available:
+<blockquote><code>int <b>gedcom_write_record_str</b> (Gedcom_write_hndl hndl, Gedcom_rec rec, char* xrefstr, char* value);<br></code></blockquote>
+The <code>hndl</code> parameter is the write handle that was returned by <code>gedcom_write_open</code>. The <code>rec</code> parameter is one of the identifiers given in the first column in <a href="interface.html#Record_identifiers">this table</a> (except <code>REC_USER</code>: see below). The <code>xrefstr</code> and <code>val</code> parameters are respectively the cross-reference key of the record (something like '<code>@FAM01@</code>'), and the value of the record line, which should be <code>NULL</code> for some record types, according to the same table.<br>
+<h4>Elements</h4>
+For writing lines corresponding to elements (inside records, i.e. on a level
+bigger than 0), the following functions are available, depending on the data
+type:
+<blockquote><code>int <b>gedcom_write_element_str</b> (Gedcom_write_hndl hndl, Gedcom_elt elt, int parsed_tag, <br>
+
+ int parent_rec_or_elt, char* value);<br>
+i</code><code>nt <b>gedcom_write_element_xref</b> (Gedcom_write_hndl hndl, Gedcom_elt elt, int parsed_tag, <br>
+
+ int parent_rec_or_elt, struct xref_value*
+value);</code><br>
+ <code>int <b>gedcom_write_element_date</b> (Gedcom_write_hndl hndl, Gedcom_elt elt, int parsed_tag, <br>
+
+ int parent_rec_or_elt, struct date_value*
+value);</code><br>
+ <code>i</code><code>nt <b>gedcom_write_element_age </b> (Gedcom_write_hndl hndl, Gedcom_elt elt, int parsed_tag, <br>
+
+ int parent_rec_or_elt, struct age_value*
+value);</code><br>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote><code></code></blockquote>
+These functions only differ in the type of the last argument, which is the value of the element.<br>
+<br>
+The <code>hndl</code> parameter is again the write handle returned by <code>gedcom_write_open</code>. The <code>elt</code> parameter is one of the identifiers given in the first column in <a href="interface.html#Element_identifiers">this table</a> (except <code>ELT_USER</code>: see below). The <code>parent_rec_or_elt</code> is the corresponding <code>rec</code> or <code>elt</code>
+identifier of the logically enclosing statement: this will determine the
+level number written on the line, as the level number of the parent + 1.<br>
+<br>
+Some of the identifiers can actually stand for different tags. For this reason, the <code>parsed_tag</code> has to be passed for some of them. This parsed tag is the same as was returned by the callback functions defined <a href="#Start_and_end_callbacks">above</a>, and is an identifier of the form <code>TAG_<i>name</i></code>. This parameter is needed whenever the second column in <a href="interface.html#Element_identifiers">this table</a> shows several possible tags (this is e.g. the case for <code>ELT_SUB_FAM_EVT</code>).<br>
+<br>
+Note that for writing a date value, the given value should be valid, i.e.
+all its struct fields filled in properly and consistent. This can be
+done by calling <code>gedcom_normalize_date</code> (see <a href="interface.html#date">here</a>).<br>
+<h4>User-defined tags</h4>
+For user-defined tags (tags starting with an underscore), there are separate functions, again depending on the data type:<code></code>
+<blockquote><code>int <b>gedcom_write_user_str</b> (Gedcom_write_hndl hndl, int level, char* tag, char* xrefstr,<br>
+ char* value);<br>
+i</code><code>nt <b>gedcom_write_user_xref</b> (Gedcom_write_hndl hndl, </code><code>int level, char* tag, char* xrefstr,</code><br>
+ <code>
+ struct xref_value* value);</code><br>
+ <code></code></blockquote>
+In the case of user-defined tags, the level and tag string are passed verbatim
+(not controlled by the library). This allows to write any extra data
+that doesn't use a standard tag, but is only allowed for tags starting with
+an underscore.<br>
+<hr width="100%" size="2">
+
+<h2><a name="Other_API_functions"></a>Other API functions<br>
+ </h2>
+
+ Although the above describes the basic interface of the gedcom parser, there
+ are some other functions that allow to customize the behaviour of the library.
+ These will be explained in the current section.<br>
+
+
+<h3><a name="Debugging"></a>Debugging</h3>
+ The library can generate various debugging output, not only from itself,
+ but also the debugging output generated by the yacc parser. By default,
+ no debugging output is generated, but this can be customized using the
+following function:<br>
+
+
+<blockquote><code>void <b>gedcom_set_debug_level</b> (int level, FILE*
+trace_output)</code><br>
+ </blockquote>
+ The <code>level</code> can be one of the following values:<br>
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li>0: no debugging information (this is the
+ default)</li>
+ <li>1: only debugging information from libgedcom
+ itself</li>
+ <li>2: debugging information from libgedcom
+ and yacc</li>
+
+
+</ul>
+ If the <code>trace_output</code> is <code>NULL</code>, debugging information
+ will be written to <code>stderr</code>, otherwise the given file handle
+ is used (which must be open).<br>
+ <br>
+
+
+<h3><a name="Error_treatment"></a>Error treatment</h3>
+ One of the previous sections already described the callback to be
+registered to get error messages. The library also allows to customize
+what happens on an error, using the following function:<br>
+
+
+<blockquote><code>void <b>gedcom_set_error_handling</b> (Gedcom_err_mech
+ mechanism)</code><br>
+ </blockquote>
+ The <code>mechanism</code> can be one of:<br>
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li><code>IMMED_FAIL</code>: immediately fail
+the parsing on an error (this is the default)</li>
+ <li><code>DEFER_FAIL</code>: continue parsing
+after an error, but return a failure code eventually</li>
+ <li><code>IGNORE_ERRORS</code>: continue parsing
+ after an error, return success always</li>
+
+
+</ul>
+ This doesn't influence the generation of error or warning messages,
+ only the behaviour of the parser and its return code.<br>
+ <br>
+
+
+<h3><a name="Compatibility_mode"></a>Compatibility mode<br>
+ </h3>
+ Applications are not necessarily true to the GEDCOM spec (or use a
+different version than 5.5). The intention is that the library is
+resilient to this, and goes in compatibility mode for files written by specific
+programs (detected via the HEAD.SOUR tag). This compatibility mode
+can be enabled and disabled via the following function:<br>
+
+
+<blockquote><code>void <b>gedcom_set_compat_handling</b> (int enable_compat)</code><br>
+ </blockquote>
+ The argument can be:<br>
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li>0: disable compatibility mode</li>
+ <li>1: allow compatibility mode (this is the
+default)<br>
+ </li>
+
+
+</ul>
+ Currently, there is a beginning for compatibility for ftree and Lifelines (3.0.2).<br>
+
+<hr width="100%" size="2">
+<h2><a name="Converting_character_sets"></a>Converting character sets</h2>
+ All strings passed by the GEDCOM parser to the application are in UTF-8
+ encoding. Typically, an application needs to convert this to something
+ else to be able to display it.<br>
+ <br>
+ The most common case is that the output character set is controlled by
+the <code>locale</code> mechanism (i.e. via the <code>LANG</code>, <code>
+ LC_ALL</code> or <code>LC_CTYPE</code> environment variables), which also
+controls the <code>gettext</code> mechanism in the application. <br>
+ <br>With<code>
+gedcom-parse</code> comes a library implementing help functions for UTF-8 encoding (<code></code>see
+the <a href="utf8tools.html">documentation</a> for this library).<br>
+
+
+<hr width="100%" size="2">
+
+<h2><a name="Support_for_configure.in"></a>Development support</h2>
+<h3>Macro for configure.in<br>
+</h3>
+There
+is a macro available for use in configure.in for applications that are using
+autoconf to configure their sources. The following macro checks whether
+the Gedcom parser library is available and whether its version is high enough:<br>
+<blockquote><code>AM_PATH_GEDCOM_PARSER([<i>min_version</i>,[<i>action_if_found</i>,[<i>action_if_not_found,</i>[<i>modules</i>]]]])</code><br>
+</blockquote>
+All the arguments are optional and default to 0. E.g. to check for
+version 1.34.2, you would put in configure.in the following statement:<br>
+<blockquote><code>AM_PATH_GEDCOM_PARSER(1.34.2)</code><br>
+</blockquote>Note that version numbers now contains three parts (since version
+0.20.0: this is also the first version in which this macro is available).<br>
+<br>
+The macro also sets the variables <code>GEDCOM_CFLAGS</code> and <code>GEDCOM_LIBS</code> for use in Makefiles. Typically, this would be done as follows in a Makefile.am:<br>
+<blockquote><code>bin_programs = myprg</code><br>
+ <code>myprg_SOURCES = myprg.c foo.c bar.c<br>
+INCLUDES = @GEDCOM_CFLAGS@<br>
+LDADD = @GEDCOM_LIBS@</code></blockquote>
+If your program uses some extra modules, they can be passed as fourth argument
+in the macro, so that the CFLAGS and LIBS are correctly filled in. Currently,
+the only available module is <code>gom</code> (the Gedcom object model). For example:<br>
+<blockquote><code>AM_PATH_GEDCOM_PARSER(0.21.2, , ,gom)</code><br>
+</blockquote>
+To be able to use this macro in the sources of your application, you have three options:<br>
+<ul>
+ <li>Put the file <code>m4/gedcom.m4</code> in your autoconf data directory (i.e. the path given by '<code>aclocal --print-ac-dir</code>', usually <code>/usr/share/aclocal</code>). You can do this automatically by going into the m4 subdirectory and typing '<code>make install-m4</code>'.<br>
<br>
-
- </body>
- </html>
+ </li>
+ <li>If you're using autoconf, but not automake, copy the contents of <code>m4/gedcom.m4</code> in the <code>aclocal.m4</code> file in your sources.<br>
+ <br>
+ </li>
+ <li>If you're using automake, copy the contents of <code>m4/gedcom.m4</code> in the <code>acinclude.m4</code> file in your sources.<br>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+<br>
+There are three preprocessor symbols defined for version checks in the
+ header (but their direct use is deprecated: please use the macro above):<br>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><code>GEDCOM_PARSE_VERSION_MAJOR</code></li>
+ <li><code>GEDCOM_PARSE_VERSION_MINOR</code></li>
+ <li><code>GEDCOM_PARSE_VERSION</code><br>
+ </li>
+
+</ul>
+ The last one is equal to <code>(GEDCOM_PARSE_VERSION_MAJOR * 1000) + GEDCOM_PARSE_VERSION_MINOR.</code> As you see, this only checked the major and minor version, not the patch number, so this is obsolete.<br>
+<br>
+<h3>Compilation and linking flags</h3>
+Similar to other libraries, the GEDCOM parse library installs a script <code>gedcom-config</code> to help with compilation and linking flags for programs that don't use autoconf/automake.<br>
+<br>
+To get compilation flags for your program, use (depending on whether you
+only use the callback parser, or also the GEDCOM object model):
+<blockquote><code>gedcom-config --cflags<br>
+gedcom-config --cflags gom</code><br>
+</blockquote>
+Similarly, to get linking flags, use one of the following:
+<blockquote><code>gedcom-config --libs<br>
+gedcom-config --libs gom</code><br>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+
+<hr width="100%" size="2">
+
+<pre><font size="-1">$Id$<br>$Name$</font><br></pre>
+
+
+<pre> </pre>
+
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+</body></html>
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